DataFrames Pandas#

Links: notebook, html, PDF, python, slides, GitHub

Un Data Frame est un objet qui est présent dans la plupart des logiciels de traitements de données, c’est une matrice à 2 dimensions, chaque colonne a un type et toutes les cellules de cette colonne sont de ce type (nombre, dates, texte). Une cellule peut contenir une valeur manquante. On peut considérer chaque colonne comme les variables d’une table (pandas.Dataframe - cette page contient toutes les méthodes de la classe).

from jyquickhelper import add_notebook_menu
add_notebook_menu()

Quelques liens : An Introduction to Pandas

Tous les exemples utilisent un jeu de données de l’ONU contenant par pays (“country”), par année (“year”) et par secteur(“code” ou “sub_item”), la valeur ajoutée monétaire du secteur dans ce pays cette année là (“VA1” ou “VA2”), la monnaie (“currency”), et la masse salariale du secteur cette année là (“WAGE1”). Les données uilisées pour l’exemple (accessible sur github) peuvent être remplacées par n’importe quelle table disponible sur le site : data.un.org.

Lecture et écriture sur disque#

import pandas
df = pandas.read_csv("UN_Data.csv", sep=",")
df.head()
country sub_item year currency VA1 code VA2 WAGE1
0 Argentina Agriculture, hunting, forestry fishing 1993 Argentine peso 1.214900e+10 AB 1.214900e+10 2.123000e+09
1 Argentina Mining and quarrying 1993 Argentine peso 3.525000e+09 C 3.525000e+09 8.007000e+08
2 Argentina Manufacturing 1993 Argentine peso 3.890700e+10 D 3.890700e+10 1.766600e+10
3 Argentina Electricity, gas and water supply 1993 Argentine peso 4.461000e+09 E 4.461000e+09 2.213000e+09
4 Argentina Construction 1993 Argentine peso 1.339300e+10 F 1.339300e+10 4.355000e+09
df.to_excel("exemple.xlsx", index=False)

Manipulation basique#

df["VA1"]
0       1.214900e+10
1       3.525000e+09
2       3.890700e+10
3       4.461000e+09
4       1.339300e+10
5       3.929400e+10
6       1.613400e+10
7       4.320200e+10
8       2.166090e+11
9       1.308500e+10
10      3.818000e+09
11      4.159600e+10
12      4.730000e+09
13      1.431100e+10
14      4.279800e+10
15      1.825100e+10
16      4.859900e+10
17      2.358460e+11
18      1.380850e+10
19      4.838400e+09
20      4.450210e+10
21      5.111000e+09
22      1.341400e+10
23      4.119850e+10
24      1.905990e+10
25      5.133940e+10
26      2.423343e+11
27      1.527000e+10
28      5.888900e+09
29      4.772340e+10
            ...
4209    5.057137e+13
4210    2.880633e+12
4211    8.321318e+12
4212    8.204542e+12
4213    9.316080e+11
4214    3.400098e+12
4215    9.794983e+12
4216    5.716383e+12
4217    9.124555e+12
4218    6.033646e+13
4219    3.258018e+12
4220    1.591774e+13
4221    1.062152e+13
4222    1.137058e+12
4223    3.842038e+12
4224    1.168852e+13
4225    6.920770e+12
4226    1.100281e+13
4227    7.974029e+13
4228    3.872766e+12
4229    1.321210e+13
4230    1.095207e+13
4231    1.355214e+12
4232    5.032111e+12
4233    1.347735e+13
4234    8.063945e+12
4235    1.334013e+13
4236    8.804319e+13
4237    4.549229e+12
4238    1.074291e+14
Name: VA1, Length: 4239, dtype: float64
df[1:3]
country sub_item year currency VA1 code VA2 WAGE1
1 Argentina Mining and quarrying 1993 Argentine peso 3.525000e+09 C 3.525000e+09 8.007000e+08
2 Argentina Manufacturing 1993 Argentine peso 3.890700e+10 D 3.890700e+10 1.766600e+10

La première ligne a pour indice 0 :

df[0:3]
country sub_item year currency VA1 code VA2 WAGE1
0 Argentina Agriculture, hunting, forestry fishing 1993 Argentine peso 1.214900e+10 AB 1.214900e+10 2.123000e+09
1 Argentina Mining and quarrying 1993 Argentine peso 3.525000e+09 C 3.525000e+09 8.007000e+08
2 Argentina Manufacturing 1993 Argentine peso 3.890700e+10 D 3.890700e+10 1.766600e+10
df[["country","year"]]
country year
0 Argentina 1993
1 Argentina 1993
2 Argentina 1993
3 Argentina 1993
4 Argentina 1993
5 Argentina 1993
6 Argentina 1993
7 Argentina 1993
8 Argentina 1993
9 Argentina 1994
10 Argentina 1994
11 Argentina 1994
12 Argentina 1994
13 Argentina 1994
14 Argentina 1994
15 Argentina 1994
16 Argentina 1994
17 Argentina 1994
18 Argentina 1995
19 Argentina 1995
20 Argentina 1995
21 Argentina 1995
22 Argentina 1995
23 Argentina 1995
24 Argentina 1995
25 Argentina 1995
26 Argentina 1995
27 Argentina 1996
28 Argentina 1996
29 Argentina 1996
... ... ...
4209 Venezuela 1998
4210 Venezuela 1999
4211 Venezuela 1999
4212 Venezuela 1999
4213 Venezuela 1999
4214 Venezuela 1999
4215 Venezuela 1999
4216 Venezuela 1999
4217 Venezuela 1999
4218 Venezuela 1999
4219 Venezuela 2000
4220 Venezuela 2000
4221 Venezuela 2000
4222 Venezuela 2000
4223 Venezuela 2000
4224 Venezuela 2000
4225 Venezuela 2000
4226 Venezuela 2000
4227 Venezuela 2000
4228 Venezuela 2001
4229 Venezuela 2001
4230 Venezuela 2001
4231 Venezuela 2001
4232 Venezuela 2001
4233 Venezuela 2001
4234 Venezuela 2001
4235 Venezuela 2001
4236 Venezuela 2001
4237 Venezuela 2002
4238 Venezuela 2002

4239 rows × 2 columns

Documentation describe :

df.describe()
year VA1 VA2 WAGE1
count 4239.000000 4.239000e+03 4.233000e+03 4.239000e+03
mean 1989.912715 1.802346e+12 1.801822e+12 6.371376e+11
std 11.140271 1.086676e+13 1.087452e+13 3.957470e+12
min 1966.000000 2.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 1.000000e+00
25% 1981.000000 8.538500e+09 8.513000e+09 2.773500e+09
50% 1991.000000 4.565900e+10 4.565900e+10 1.555100e+10
75% 1999.000000 2.597610e+11 2.601340e+11 9.198150e+10
max 2010.000000 2.711389e+14 2.711389e+14 9.220360e+13
df.loc[0]
country                                  Argentina
sub_item    Agriculture, hunting, forestry fishing
year                                          1993
currency                            Argentine peso
VA1                                     1.2149e+10
code                                            AB
VA2                                     1.2149e+10
WAGE1                                    2.123e+09
Name: 0, dtype: object
dfy = df.set_index("year")
dfy.loc[1993]
country sub_item currency VA1 code VA2 WAGE1
year
1993 Argentina Agriculture, hunting, forestry fishing Argentine peso 1.214900e+10 AB 1.214900e+10 2.123000e+09
1993 Argentina Mining and quarrying Argentine peso 3.525000e+09 C 3.525000e+09 8.007000e+08
1993 Argentina Manufacturing Argentine peso 3.890700e+10 D 3.890700e+10 1.766600e+10
1993 Argentina Electricity, gas and water supply Argentine peso 4.461000e+09 E 4.461000e+09 2.213000e+09
1993 Argentina Construction Argentine peso 1.339300e+10 F 1.339300e+10 4.355000e+09
1993 Argentina Wholesale retail trade, repair of motor vehicl... Argentine peso 3.929400e+10 GH 3.929400e+10 1.092000e+10
1993 Argentina Transport, storage and communications Argentine peso 1.613400e+10 I 1.613400e+10 6.213000e+09
1993 Argentina Financial intermediation real estate, renting ... Argentine peso 4.320200e+10 JK 4.320200e+10 8.039000e+09
1993 Argentina Total Economy Argentine peso 2.166090e+11 TOT 2.117210e+11 8.955300e+10
1993 Bolivia Total Economy boliviano 2.255600e+10 TOT 2.255600e+10 8.821000e+09
1993 Brazil Agriculture, hunting, forestry fishing real 9.560000e+08 AB 9.560000e+08 1.960000e+08
1993 Brazil Mining and quarrying real 1.480000e+08 C 1.480000e+08 3.600000e+07
1993 Brazil Manufacturing real 3.672000e+09 D 3.672000e+09 1.006000e+09
1993 Brazil Electricity, gas and water supply real 3.930000e+08 E 3.930000e+08 2.480000e+08
1993 Brazil Construction real 1.044000e+09 F 1.044000e+09 2.050000e+08
1993 Brazil Wholesale retail trade, repair of motor vehicl... real 1.172000e+09 GH 1.172000e+09 4.960000e+08
1993 Brazil Transport, storage and communications real 6.820000e+08 I 6.820000e+08 3.250000e+08
1993 Brazil Financial intermediation real estate, renting ... real 5.559000e+09 JK 5.559000e+09 1.460000e+09
1993 Brazil Total Economy real 1.655200e+10 TOT 1.655200e+10 6.363000e+09
1993 Chile Total Economy Chilean peso 1.660178e+13 TOT 1.660178e+13 6.582086e+12
1993 Colombia Agriculture, hunting, forestry fishing Colombian peso 7.823940e+12 AB 7.823937e+12 1.544580e+12
1993 Colombia Mining and quarrying Colombian peso 2.237211e+12 C 2.237211e+12 6.405010e+11
1993 Colombia Manufacturing Colombian peso 8.275730e+12 D 8.275730e+12 3.349123e+12
1993 Colombia Electricity, gas and water supply Colombian peso 1.607909e+12 E 1.607909e+12 4.512400e+11
1993 Colombia Construction Colombian peso 3.648933e+12 F 3.648933e+12 1.326030e+12
1993 Colombia Wholesale retail trade, repair of motor vehicl... Colombian peso 6.521734e+12 GH 6.521734e+12 2.652296e+12
1993 Colombia Transport, storage and communications Colombian peso 3.750715e+12 I 3.750715e+12 1.697697e+12
1993 Colombia Financial intermediation real estate, renting ... Colombian peso 8.494946e+12 JK 8.494946e+12 1.571843e+12
1993 Colombia Total Economy Colombian peso 5.059828e+13 TOT 5.059828e+13 1.882861e+13
1993 Denmark Agriculture, hunting, forestry fishing Danish krone 2.584700e+10 AB 2.584700e+10 6.645000e+09
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
1993 Spain Financial intermediation real estate, renting ... peseta 1.106390e+13 JK 1.106390e+13 3.062300e+12
1993 Spain Total Economy peseta 6.162560e+13 TOT 6.162560e+13 3.006070e+13
1993 Sweden Agriculture, hunting, forestry fishing Swedish krona 2.749800e+10 AB 2.749800e+10 8.543000e+09
1993 Sweden Mining and quarrying Swedish krona 3.467000e+09 C 3.467000e+09 2.414000e+09
1993 Sweden Manufacturing Swedish krona 2.601340e+11 D 2.601340e+11 1.779260e+11
1993 Sweden Electricity, gas and water supply Swedish krona 4.278100e+10 E 4.278100e+10 8.195000e+09
1993 Sweden Construction Swedish krona 7.949000e+10 F 7.949000e+10 6.192000e+10
1993 Sweden Wholesale retail trade, repair of motor vehicl... Swedish krona 1.396150e+11 GH 1.396150e+11 1.110160e+11
1993 Sweden Transport, storage and communications Swedish krona 8.499200e+10 I 8.499200e+10 5.889300e+10
1993 Sweden Financial intermediation real estate, renting ... Swedish krona 3.169450e+11 JK 3.169450e+11 9.304900e+10
1993 Sweden Total Economy Swedish krona 1.328816e+12 TOT 1.328816e+12 8.516030e+11
1993 Thailand Agriculture, hunting, forestry fishing baht 2.739010e+11 AB 2.739010e+11 3.091700e+10
1993 Thailand Mining and quarrying baht 3.778900e+10 C 3.778900e+10 5.041000e+09
1993 Thailand Manufacturing baht 7.990670e+11 D 7.990670e+11 2.956290e+11
1993 Thailand Electricity, gas and water supply baht 7.315900e+10 E 7.315900e+10 1.835000e+10
1993 Thailand Construction baht 2.109040e+11 F 2.109040e+11 8.201700e+10
1993 Thailand Wholesale retail trade, repair of motor vehicl... baht 3.711790e+11 GH 3.711790e+11 5.910000e+10
1993 Thailand Transport, storage and communications baht 2.366030e+11 I 2.366030e+11 5.369300e+10
1993 Thailand Financial intermediation real estate, renting ... baht 2.778150e+11 JK 2.778150e+11 6.928200e+10
1993 Thailand Total Economy baht 2.784561e+12 TOT 2.784561e+12 8.666570e+11
1993 Turkey Total Economy New Turkish lira 1.976292e+09 TOT 1.976292e+09 6.119037e+08
1993 Venezuela Agriculture, hunting, forestry fishing bolivar 2.916830e+11 AB 2.916830e+11 7.117200e+10
1993 Venezuela Mining and quarrying bolivar 8.411670e+11 C 8.411670e+11 9.630300e+10
1993 Venezuela Manufacturing bolivar 9.605900e+11 D 9.605900e+11 2.825770e+11
1993 Venezuela Electricity, gas and water supply bolivar 1.420870e+11 E 1.420870e+11 3.532400e+10
1993 Venezuela Construction bolivar 3.322990e+11 F 3.322990e+11 1.072110e+11
1993 Venezuela Wholesale retail trade, repair of motor vehicl... bolivar 1.045332e+12 GH 1.045332e+12 4.531180e+11
1993 Venezuela Transport, storage and communications bolivar 4.044280e+11 I 4.044280e+11 1.226970e+11
1993 Venezuela Financial intermediation real estate, renting ... bolivar 6.991300e+11 JK 6.991300e+11 1.585720e+11
1993 Venezuela Total Economy bolivar 5.449065e+12 TOT 5.449065e+12 1.863825e+12

120 rows × 7 columns

dfycc = df.set_index(["year", "country", "code"])
dfycc.head()
sub_item currency VA1 VA2 WAGE1
year country code
1993 Argentina AB Agriculture, hunting, forestry fishing Argentine peso 1.214900e+10 1.214900e+10 2.123000e+09
C Mining and quarrying Argentine peso 3.525000e+09 3.525000e+09 8.007000e+08
D Manufacturing Argentine peso 3.890700e+10 3.890700e+10 1.766600e+10
E Electricity, gas and water supply Argentine peso 4.461000e+09 4.461000e+09 2.213000e+09
F Construction Argentine peso 1.339300e+10 1.339300e+10 4.355000e+09

Documentation : sortlevel

dfycc.sort_index(inplace=True)
dfycc.head()
sub_item currency VA1 VA2 WAGE1
year country code
1966 Denmark AB Agriculture, hunting, forestry fishing Danish krone 5.694000e+09 5.694000e+09 1.191000e+09
C Mining and quarrying Danish krone 2.530000e+08 2.530000e+08 8.000000e+07
D Manufacturing Danish krone 1.543800e+10 1.543800e+10 1.095700e+10
E Electricity, gas and water supply Danish krone 1.320000e+09 1.320000e+09 3.430000e+08
F Construction Danish krone 6.928000e+09 6.928000e+09 4.857000e+09
dfycc.loc[1993, "Brazil", "TOT"]
sub_item    Total Economy
currency             real
VA1            1.6552e+10
VA2            1.6552e+10
WAGE1           6.363e+09
Name: (1993, Brazil, TOT), dtype: object
dfycc.sort_index(level=2, inplace=True)
dfycc.head()
sub_item currency VA1 VA2 WAGE1
year country code
1966 Denmark AB Agriculture, hunting, forestry fishing Danish krone 5.694000e+09 5.694000e+09 1.191000e+09
1967 Denmark AB Agriculture, hunting, forestry fishing Danish krone 5.419000e+09 5.419000e+09 1.213000e+09
1968 Denmark AB Agriculture, hunting, forestry fishing Danish krone 5.686000e+09 5.686000e+09 1.221000e+09
1969 Denmark AB Agriculture, hunting, forestry fishing Danish krone 6.707000e+09 6.707000e+09 1.245000e+09
1970 Bolivia AB Agriculture, hunting, forestry fishing boliviano 2.240000e+03 2.000000e+03 4.030000e+02

Documentation : reset_index

df.reset_index(drop=False, inplace=True)
        # le mot-clé drop pour garder ou non les colonnes servant d'index
        # inplace signifie qu'on modifie l'instance et non qu'une copie est modifiée
        # donc on peut aussi écrire dfi2 = dfi.reset_index(drop=False)
df.columns
Index(['index', 'country', 'sub_item', 'year', 'currency', 'VA1', 'code',
       'VA2', 'WAGE1'],
      dtype='object')
df.index
RangeIndex(start=0, stop=4239, step=1)
df.loc[1993]
index                       1993
country                   Mexico
sub_item    Mining and quarrying
year                        2002
currency        Mexican new peso
VA1                  7.72065e+10
code                           C
VA2                  7.72065e+10
WAGE1                1.84915e+10
Name: 1993, dtype: object

Manipulation avancée#

df.dtypes
index         int64
country      object
sub_item     object
year          int64
currency     object
VA1         float64
code         object
VA2         float64
WAGE1       float64
dtype: object

filter#

filter : on sélectionne un sous-ensemble de lignes qui vérifie une condition

Filter consiste à sélectionner un sous-ensemble de lignes du dataframe. Pour filter sur plusieurs conditions, il faut utiliser les opérateurs logique & (et), | (ou), ~ (non)

subset = df [ (df.year == 1993) & (df.code == "AB") ]
subset.head()
df.filter(items=["country", "year", "VA1"])
country year VA1
0 Argentina 1993 1.214900e+10
1 Argentina 1993 3.525000e+09
2 Argentina 1993 3.890700e+10
3 Argentina 1993 4.461000e+09
4 Argentina 1993 1.339300e+10
5 Argentina 1993 3.929400e+10
6 Argentina 1993 1.613400e+10
7 Argentina 1993 4.320200e+10
8 Argentina 1993 2.166090e+11
9 Argentina 1994 1.308500e+10
10 Argentina 1994 3.818000e+09
11 Argentina 1994 4.159600e+10
12 Argentina 1994 4.730000e+09
13 Argentina 1994 1.431100e+10
14 Argentina 1994 4.279800e+10
15 Argentina 1994 1.825100e+10
16 Argentina 1994 4.859900e+10
17 Argentina 1994 2.358460e+11
18 Argentina 1995 1.380850e+10
19 Argentina 1995 4.838400e+09
20 Argentina 1995 4.450210e+10
21 Argentina 1995 5.111000e+09
22 Argentina 1995 1.341400e+10
23 Argentina 1995 4.119850e+10
24 Argentina 1995 1.905990e+10
25 Argentina 1995 5.133940e+10
26 Argentina 1995 2.423343e+11
27 Argentina 1996 1.527000e+10
28 Argentina 1996 5.888900e+09
29 Argentina 1996 4.772340e+10
... ... ... ...
4209 Venezuela 1998 5.057137e+13
4210 Venezuela 1999 2.880633e+12
4211 Venezuela 1999 8.321318e+12
4212 Venezuela 1999 8.204542e+12
4213 Venezuela 1999 9.316080e+11
4214 Venezuela 1999 3.400098e+12
4215 Venezuela 1999 9.794983e+12
4216 Venezuela 1999 5.716383e+12
4217 Venezuela 1999 9.124555e+12
4218 Venezuela 1999 6.033646e+13
4219 Venezuela 2000 3.258018e+12
4220 Venezuela 2000 1.591774e+13
4221 Venezuela 2000 1.062152e+13
4222 Venezuela 2000 1.137058e+12
4223 Venezuela 2000 3.842038e+12
4224 Venezuela 2000 1.168852e+13
4225 Venezuela 2000 6.920770e+12
4226 Venezuela 2000 1.100281e+13
4227 Venezuela 2000 7.974029e+13
4228 Venezuela 2001 3.872766e+12
4229 Venezuela 2001 1.321210e+13
4230 Venezuela 2001 1.095207e+13
4231 Venezuela 2001 1.355214e+12
4232 Venezuela 2001 5.032111e+12
4233 Venezuela 2001 1.347735e+13
4234 Venezuela 2001 8.063945e+12
4235 Venezuela 2001 1.334013e+13
4236 Venezuela 2001 8.804319e+13
4237 Venezuela 2002 4.549229e+12
4238 Venezuela 2002 1.074291e+14

4239 rows × 3 columns

union : concaténation de deux Data Frames#

union = concaténation de deux DataFrame (qui n’ont pas nécessaire les mêmes colonnes). On peut concaténer les lignes ou les colonnes

concat_ligne = pandas.concat((df,df))
concat_ligne[ (concat_ligne.year == 1993) & (concat_ligne.code == "AB") & (concat_ligne.country == "Argentina")]
index country sub_item year currency VA1 code VA2 WAGE1
0 0 Argentina Agriculture, hunting, forestry fishing 1993 Argentine peso 1.214900e+10 AB 1.214900e+10 2.123000e+09
0 0 Argentina Agriculture, hunting, forestry fishing 1993 Argentine peso 1.214900e+10 AB 1.214900e+10 2.123000e+09

sort : tri des lignes#

sort

tri = df.sort_values( by=["year", "country"], ascending=[1,0])
tri.tail(10)
index country sub_item year currency VA1 code VA2 WAGE1
559 559 Chile Mining and quarrying 2009 Chilean peso 1.404654e+13 C 1.404654e+13 1.588307e+12
560 560 Chile Manufacturing 2009 Chilean peso 1.126610e+13 D 1.126610e+13 3.666442e+12
561 561 Chile Electricity, gas and water supply 2009 Chilean peso 3.633492e+12 E 3.633492e+12 3.030204e+11
562 562 Chile Construction 2009 Chilean peso 6.804767e+12 F 6.804767e+12 4.335883e+12
563 563 Chile Wholesale retail trade, repair of motor vehicl... 2009 Chilean peso 8.163060e+12 GH 8.163060e+12 5.358225e+12
564 564 Chile Transport, storage and communications 2009 Chilean peso 6.600354e+12 I 6.600354e+12 2.894256e+12
565 565 Chile Financial intermediation real estate, renting ... 2009 Chilean peso 1.819692e+13 JK 1.819692e+13 5.991782e+12
566 566 Chile Total Economy 2009 Chilean peso 8.650220e+13 TOT 8.650220e+13 3.658516e+13
269 269 Bolivia Total Economy 2009 boliviano 1.021160e+11 TOT 1.021160e+11 3.381017e+10
270 270 Bolivia Total Economy 2010 boliviano 1.159344e+11 TOT 1.159344e+11 3.647705e+10

group by : grouper des lignes qui partagent une valeur commune#

Cette opération consiste à grouper les lignes qui partagent une caractéristique commune (une ou ou plusieurs valeurs par exemple). Sur chaque groupe, on peut calculer une somme, une moyenne…

df[["country", "code", "year"]].cumsum(0).head()
country code year
0 Argentina AB 1993
1 ArgentinaArgentina ABC 3986
2 ArgentinaArgentinaArgentina ABCD 5979
3 ArgentinaArgentinaArgentinaArgentina ABCDE 7972
4 ArgentinaArgentinaArgentinaArgentinaArgentina ABCDEF 9965

pivot : utiliser des valeurs présentes dans colonne comme noms de colonnes#

pivot (tableau croisé dynamique)

Cette opération consiste à créer une seconde table en utilisant utiliser les valeurs d’une colonne comme nom de colonnes.

df.columns
Index(['index', 'country', 'sub_item', 'year', 'currency', 'VA1', 'code',
       'VA2', 'WAGE1'],
      dtype='object')
df.head()
index country sub_item year currency VA1 code VA2 WAGE1
0 0 Argentina Agriculture, hunting, forestry fishing 1993 Argentine peso 1.214900e+10 AB 1.214900e+10 2.123000e+09
1 1 Argentina Mining and quarrying 1993 Argentine peso 3.525000e+09 C 3.525000e+09 8.007000e+08
2 2 Argentina Manufacturing 1993 Argentine peso 3.890700e+10 D 3.890700e+10 1.766600e+10
3 3 Argentina Electricity, gas and water supply 1993 Argentine peso 4.461000e+09 E 4.461000e+09 2.213000e+09
4 4 Argentina Construction 1993 Argentine peso 1.339300e+10 F 1.339300e+10 4.355000e+09
dfcopy = df.copy()
dfcopy["index"] = df.apply(lambda x: "{0}-{1}".format(x["country"], x["year"]), axis=1)
gr = dfcopy[["index", "code", "VA1"]].groupby(["index", "code"]).sum().reset_index()
gr.head()
index code VA1
0 Argentina-1993 AB 1.214900e+10
1 Argentina-1993 C 3.525000e+09
2 Argentina-1993 D 3.890700e+10
3 Argentina-1993 E 4.461000e+09
4 Argentina-1993 F 1.339300e+10
piv = gr.pivot(index="index", columns="code", values="VA1")
piv.head()
code AB C D E F GH I JK TOT
index
Argentina-1993 1.214900e+10 3.525000e+09 3.890700e+10 4.461000e+09 1.339300e+10 3.929400e+10 1.613400e+10 4.320200e+10 2.166090e+11
Argentina-1994 1.308500e+10 3.818000e+09 4.159600e+10 4.730000e+09 1.431100e+10 4.279800e+10 1.825100e+10 4.859900e+10 2.358460e+11
Argentina-1995 1.380850e+10 4.838400e+09 4.450210e+10 5.111000e+09 1.341400e+10 4.119850e+10 1.905990e+10 5.133940e+10 2.423343e+11
Argentina-1996 1.527000e+10 5.888900e+09 4.772340e+10 5.232400e+09 1.352680e+10 4.454100e+10 2.050140e+10 5.237490e+10 2.546081e+11
Argentina-1997 1.529300e+10 5.632500e+09 5.338210e+10 5.501700e+09 1.508030e+10 4.912050e+10 2.295190e+10 5.468300e+10 2.730922e+11
piv.tail()
code AB C D E F GH I JK TOT
index
Venezuela-1998 2.461132e+12 5.412143e+12 7.463681e+12 8.678680e+11 3.443028e+12 8.775614e+12 4.893346e+12 7.898823e+12 5.057137e+13
Venezuela-1999 2.880633e+12 8.321318e+12 8.204542e+12 9.316080e+11 3.400098e+12 9.794983e+12 5.716383e+12 9.124555e+12 6.033646e+13
Venezuela-2000 3.258018e+12 1.591774e+13 1.062152e+13 1.137058e+12 3.842038e+12 1.168852e+13 6.920770e+12 1.100281e+13 7.974029e+13
Venezuela-2001 3.872766e+12 1.321210e+13 1.095207e+13 1.355214e+12 5.032111e+12 1.347735e+13 8.063945e+12 1.334013e+13 8.804319e+13
Venezuela-2002 4.549229e+12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1.074291e+14

join : fusionner deux Data Frames en associant les lignes qui partagent une valeur commune#

Fusionner deux tables consiste à apparier les lignes de la première table avec celle de la seconde si certaines colonnes de ces lignes partagent les mêmes valeurs. On distingue quatre cas :

INNER JOIN - inner : on garde tous les appariements réussis

LEFT OUTER JOIN - left : on garde tous les appariements réussis et les lignes non appariées de la table de gauche

RIGHT OUTER JOIN - right : on garde tous les appariements réussis et les lignes non appariées de la table de droite

FULL OUTER JOIN - outer : on garde tous les appariements réussis et les lignes non appariées des deux tables

Exemples et documentation : * merging, joining * join * merge ou DataFrame.merge * jointures SQL - illustrations avec graphiques en patates

Exercice: moyennes par groupes#

Calculer par exemple pour chaque pays, la moyenne des salaires au cours des années.